GEG 100 ONLINE! Cultural Geography Outline of Chapter 4

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I. Places are connected through spatial interaction. Interactions can be movements of

1. Ideas
2. Information
3. Money
4. Products
5. People

II. Migration

A. Defined as permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin
B. Spatial scale and migration
C. Factors of place desirability
D.Immigration as special case of migration across international borders

• remittances
• refugees as special case of immigrant-threat of persecution

• E. Push and pull factors
  F. Migration selectivity factors (age, education, length of residence)
  H. Distance Decay
  H. Migration streams and counterstreams
  • Examples: Dustbowl migrants, immigrants to enclaves, Cuban- and Mexican-born immigrants

III The Gravity Model

A. What is a model?

A model is a simplified representation of reality

B. The gravity model was adapted from the physical sciences where it is used to show the attraction between two masses.

C. The gravity model was adapted to the social sciences to show spatial interaction between two places.

D. Mathematical formulation

• Size or mass variables in the numerator
• Distance variable in the denominator
• Distance exponent—measures the drag, or impedance, of distance on interaction.
• k-factor

E. Think critically about modeling human behavior

IV. Mobility

A. Part of the American experience

B. High in developed countries with immigrant background

C. Strong predictor of whether person will move in the future is whether they have moved in the past

D. Currently a lower rate of U.S. mobility than in earlier decades

E. Regional differences in mobility rates

F. Regional and sub-regional shifts in population

G. Net Migration

H. Today’s migration patterns reflect:

• the location of states relative to one another (nearby states tend to exchange migrants)
• historical patterns of movement (i.e. longtime linkages between Florida and New York and between California and Texas)
• the changing geography of economic opportunity in the nation
• the public’s perceptions about the attractiveness of places, including intangibles like an agreeable climate, being near family and friends, and a good view.

V. The mechanics of the assignment in Activities 1, 2, and 3

A. Spreadsheets allow easy calculation of an entire series of numbers in a few simple steps.

B. Extreme values are points on a scatter diagram that is roughly in line with the main trend but is separated from the main group of points because of its extremely high or low value. NOT the same as outlier.

C. Scatter diagrams allow us to plot actual versus expected migration.

D. Outliers are states that deviate from the 45-degree line on the scatter diagram. Not the same as extreme values.

E. Residuals show errors in the predicted values.

INSTRUCTOR:

E-Mail instructor: mhealy@harper.cc.il.us
Office: J-262, 847-925-6352
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